As a law or public policy, no. Laws replaced these cultural “rules” long ago. However, the remnants of the Kanun (not its direct implementation) can be seen in a few remaining social practices, such property ownership that often, albeit not always, passes along patrilineal lines. This is not true of the entire population, but only a few people and moreso in rural areas.

Yes, political party lists used in elections should include at least one woman and one man in every three positions. E.g. at least one-third of any political party’s list must be comprised of women and men, respectively. Thus, women comprise approximately 30% of the parliament and municipal assemblies. However, this notably fails to achieve the 40% participation at all levels foreseen by the Law on Gender Equality.

While shelters receive some funding from the state, it is not sufficient to cover all of their costs. Also some key costs will not be financed by the state, such as staff positions. For more information, see KWN’s research: At What Cost?KWN continues to advocate for shelters’ costs to be fully covered by the state.

Yes. According to the Law on Inheritance, they should inherit equal shares.

Yes.

It is difficult to know for sure because there has not been any study on this, and this is an area in need of research. We have heard some reports of ageism in hiring, such as employers wanting younger people who are thought to be more knowledgeable in computers and technology, but no known research has been conducted in this regard. Among women in their post-childbearing years, a limited percentage have extensive experience. Yugoslav statistics suggest that women’s labour force participation reached 23% at the highest in 1988. Regional Employment Centres state that lack of qualification is among the reasons why they struggle to find employment particularly for older women.

Yes, KWN as a network has member organizations led by Serbian, Roma, Ashkali, Egyptian, Albanian, and Bosnian women. These and other members target diverse ethnic groups through their work. KWN also collaborates with women’s groups in South East Europe of diverse ethnicities.

The gap has decreased substantially. Gross Primary Enrolment 96% female, 95% male. Gross Upper Secondary Enrolment 88% female, 96% male..  Now more women tend to enrol in university than men. However, clear differences exist in the types of programs girls and boys tend to enrol in. Gross Tertiary Enrolment (women dominate education, philosophy, philology; men dominate construction, architecture, mechanical engineering; gender balance in law, economics, and medicine) 45% female and 55% male.

It depends. It is difficult to homogenize people. Some women in society are very much respected by some people. Other people do not respect women. Within the family there are still particular roles within some (not all) families whereby mother’s and mothers-in-laws have much greater power within the family than young women. While some women support each other, others try to undermine each other.